非谓语动词解题步骤、技巧
非谓语动词 解题步骤 :
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
非谓语动词 解题技巧 :
一、分析句子结构
1._____many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told
分析:
句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子,因此,前面与后句一样也是个独立句子成分,故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,用非谓语动词作状语。
Exercises:
3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office .
A.Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned
Key:ACC
高考真题
【2012重庆卷】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空白处为后置定语,与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系,而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知,表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行,C表示被动完成,D表示被动完成,但是不作定语。因此,正确答案为A选项
技巧点拨:考查非谓语动词。分析题干的句子结构可知,此处是非谓语动词作后置定语,publish与book之间存在被动关系,next month是表示将来的时间状语,因此,空格处表示被动将来,故正确答案为B选项。A表示被动完成;C表示主动将来;D表示被动进行,均不合语境。
二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。(怎么加?)
1. First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B
2. 1)_______no buses , we had to walk home.
2)______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .
A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being
分析:句1). 表示“没有公共汽车”,应用“there be”结构,即逻辑主语是“there”,故选A 。
句2). 同理选D。
高考真题:
【2012福建卷】34. Pressed from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
【解析】首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成分是非谓语动词做状语,主语与press是被动关系,但是与realize是主动,“被父母迫使同时自己也意识到他已经浪费了太多时间,这个男孩决定停止玩电脑游戏。本题考查非谓语动词的难度挺大,主要是很多学生看到pressed后就不知道realize在句中做什么成分,所以本题关键有两个,一个是and并列的成分是什么,然后就是realize与主语the boy的关系,realize的逻辑主语是the boy.
三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
分析:句1. “地球”被“看起来”,表被动,故选A,用过去分词表被动。
句2. 我们"主动看......"即表主动,故选B。
Exercises
3. The dirty clothes ____ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed
分析:句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语,逻辑主语 是“the dirty clothes”,和动词搭配表示“衣被洗“,故选B。
句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语”the girl“,表示”女孩洗衣服",为主动关系,故选D。
高考真题:
【2012湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is,且没有连词或引导词,故排除谓语形式D;而time与use为被动关系,所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词 过去分词作条件状语或时间状语 表被动
四、分析时态
在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态, 是进行时还是完成时?
1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built B. to be built C. being built D. built
分析: 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修,故用进行式,选C。
句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来的不定式,选B。
句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修,但不能选,因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语,故用过去分词, 选D
Exercises
1.He stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______ for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited
分析:句1表示"站在那等",两个动词同时发生,故选A作伴随状语。
句2表示已经等了两个小时,发生在谓语动词"went away "之前,故用完成式,选D 。
高考真题:
【2012江西卷】33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A.Speaking B.having spoken C.to speak D.to have spoken
【解析】不定式表目的,又因D选项时态错误,故选C。
需要注意的是,非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目,要认清否定形式,非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。
We all know that, ____, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with